Galvanized steel grating is widely used in various engineering fields due to its high strength and corrosion resistance, especially in some occasions that need to bear heavy loads, such as the floor of industrial plants and the shelves of large warehouses. However, under heavy loads, galvanized steel grating may deform, affecting its performance and safety. Therefore, it is of great engineering significance to understand its deformation mechanism and take corresponding reinforcement measures.
Galvanized steel grating is usually composed of load-bearing flat steel and cross bars arranged orthogonally at a certain spacing, connected by welding or compression locking. Under heavy load conditions, the load-bearing flat steel mainly bears the vertical pressure, while the cross bars play the role of connecting and stabilizing the load-bearing flat steel, so that the steel grating forms an integral structure to jointly bear the load. When the load exceeds the load-bearing capacity of the steel grating, deformation will occur.
In the early stage of heavy load, galvanized steel grating will undergo elastic deformation, that is, when the load is removed, the steel grating can return to its original shape. This is because in the elastic stage, the atomic lattice inside the steel only undergoes a slight elastic deformation, and when the external force disappears, the atoms can return to their original equilibrium position. However, when the load continues to increase and exceeds the yield strength of the steel, the steel grating will enter the plastic deformation stage. At this time, the dislocations inside the steel begin to move in large quantities, and the lattice undergoes irreversible slip, resulting in permanent deformation of the steel grating. Even if the load is removed, the deformation will not be completely restored.
In addition to the deformation of the material itself, galvanized steel grating may also experience structural instability under heavy loads. Local instability usually occurs at the web or flange of the bearing flat steel or crossbar. When the compressive stress on these parts exceeds their critical buckling stress, local buckling deformation will occur. Overall instability refers to the loss of balance of the entire steel grating structure under load, resulting in a large degree of bending or twisting deformation. Overall instability is often caused by insufficient support conditions, large spans, or uneven load distribution of the steel grating.
A common reinforcement measure is to increase the size of the load-bearing flat steel, such as increasing the width or thickness of the flat steel, which can increase the cross-sectional inertia moment and bending resistance of the flat steel, thereby increasing the overall load-bearing capacity of the steel grating and reducing deformation. In addition, appropriately increasing the number of load-bearing flat steels and reducing the spacing between the flat steels can also effectively disperse the load, reduce the pressure on each flat steel, and thus reduce the amount of deformation.
A reasonable support structure is crucial to reducing the deformation of galvanized steel grating under heavy load. The span of the steel grating can be shortened by increasing the number of support points, thereby reducing its bending moment and deflection under load. At the same time, ensure that the rigidity of the support points is sufficient to provide stable support force and avoid additional deformation of the steel grating due to the deformation of the support points. In addition, optimizing the distribution of support points so that the load can be evenly transferred to the support structure can also help improve the load-bearing performance of the steel grating.
The deformation of galvanized steel grating under heavy load conditions is the result of the combined action of multiple factors such as elastic and plastic deformation of the material and local and overall instability of the structure. By increasing the size and number of load-bearing flat steels, optimizing the supporting structure and other reinforcement measures, the load-bearing capacity of galvanized steel grating can be effectively improved, deformation can be reduced, and its safe and reliable use under heavy load conditions can be ensured. In actual engineering applications, it is necessary to comprehensively consider and select appropriate reinforcement solutions based on specific load conditions, use environment and other factors to meet the requirements of the project.
